I am a social anthropologist with an interest in the political economy and political ecology of natural disasters. My forthcoming book titled Capitalism and Catastrophe: a Critical Disaster Studies Manifesto (Berghahn Press, 2025) synthesizes critical perspectives on the impact of disasters in regard to social inequality. This work brings together key insights from political ecology and historical materialism. Querying assumptions about the “normal” conditions of life, it examines the exploitative structures and practices that shape everyday life using theoretical approaches including Rhythmanalysis, Metabolic Rift Theory, and Conjunctural Analysis. It argues for a more expansive and critical approach to the study of disasters, linking the reproduction everyday vulnerabilities with systemic and historical processes and relationships.

My first book Building Back Better in India: Development, NGOs, and Artisanal Fishers after the 2004 Tsunami (University of Alabama Press, NGOgraphies: Ethnographic Reflections on NGOs Series, 2021) investigated the impact of the 2004 Tsunami on economic development priorities in India’s Tamil Nadu state. Exploring the contradictory outcomes of humanitarian agendas subordinated to the demands of a World Bank-financed and state-led reconstruction project, this work attempted to bridge the gap between political ecology and disaster studies by drawing upon rich ethnographic studies of displaced and resistant artisanal fisher communities thriving on the margins of India’s globalizing economy. My theoretical engagement with the ambiguous terrain of humanitarian “soft power” drew upon empirical data compiled on coastal land use, the contours of relocation, and the effects of relocation on affected communities. I sought to outline through this work the contours of a ‘critical disaster studies’ approach that prioritizes history, conflict, power and resistance in the study of disasters.

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“… With keen ethnographic insight, Swamy shows how fishers sustained their claim to coastal life and livelihood while transforming humanitarian gifts into assets. Challenging assumptions about its depoliticizing and disciplining effects, he argues for humanitarianism as a contested process that can reset the contours of economy and politics.”
—Ajantha Subramanian, author of Shorelines: Space and Rights in South India.

“This probing inquiry into regimes of non-governmental regimes of governance, and the neoliberalism embedded in modern philanthropy, should be required reading for anyone involved in disaster relief.”
—Raj Patel, author of Inflamed: Deep Medicine and the Anatomy of Injustice.

“This rich, multi-level ethnography brings together a rich ethnography of a fishing community in India, with the largely separate literatures of humanitarianism, disaster studies and development studies …” 
—Arjun Appadurai, author of Agricultural Reason in the Shadow of Subsistence Capitalism.

“The book is a timely story of disaster capitalism in action.”
—E. Paul Durrenberger, author of The Dawn of Industrial Agriculture in Iowa.

Visit the book’s companion website here.

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Between 2017-20 I conducted research into the complex politics of recovery in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey in Houston, Texas. Funded by an NSF grant that brought together the collaborative energies of a team from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, with one from Southern Illinois University, the project honed in on the impacts of Hurricane Harvey and its aftermath on working class communities of color. This study showed how recovery strategies that prioritized economic growth above social welfare, strengthened the influence of the city’s industrial and real estate interests over the lives and futures of Houston’s poorer working class communities, rendering the latter more vulnerable to future disasters.

More broadly my research looks into how neoliberal strategies of economic development bring to the fore ongoing struggles over the goals and meanings of economic development, democracy, citizenship and rights. I have published academic works on the role of NGOs and humanitarianism in disaster reconstruction, the political economy of water in the aftermath of a disaster, the contested meanings of vulnerability, ecologically unequal exchange, the humanitarian gift economy, and the uses of heritage tourism development as a disaster reconstruction strategy.

Publications

Books

Swamy, R. (2025 – forthcoming). Capitalism and Catastrophe: A Critical Disaster Studies Manifesto. United Kingdom: Berghahn Books.
Swamy, R, (2021). Building Back Better in India: Development, NGOs, and Artisanal Fishers after the 2004 Tsunami. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.

Peer-reviewed Journal Articles & Book Chapters

Swamy, R., 2024. Temporality, capitalism, and climate change, in: Encyclopedia of Technological Hazards and Disasters in the Social Sciences. Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 636–646.

Swamy, Raja 2022. “Tranquebar—the Tsunami, Heritage Tourism, Power, and Memory in a South Indian Fisher Village.” Dialectical Anthropology.

Swamy, Raja. 2021. “The Politics of the Humanitarian Gift Economy: Tamil Fishers and the 2004 Tsunami.” PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 44 (2): 240–55.

Swamy, Raja 2020. The cost of relocation: Water and fishers in post-tsunami Nagapattinam, South India. Research in Economic Anthropology, 40 (Anthropological Enquiries Into Policy, Debt, Business And Capitalism).

Barrios, R., Swamy, R., Tran, T., Vargas, G., Martinez, I., & Sierra, M. 2020. Interpreting Catastrophe: An Examination of Houston’s Many Voices in the Aftermath of Hurricane Harvey.. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 38(1).

Swamy, Raja 2018. Fishers, Vulnerability and the Political Economy of Dispossession and Reconstruction in Post-Tsunami Tamil Nadu. Research in Economic Anthropology 38 (Individual and Social Adaptations to Human Vulnerability).

Swamy, Raja. 2017. Humanitarianism and Unequal Exchange. Journal of World-Systems Research 23 (2): 353–71.

Swamy, Raja, and Prema Revathi. 2017. “Dispossession and Neoliberal Disaster Reconstruction: Activist NGO and Fisher Resistance in Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu.” In Against Colonization and Rural Dispossession: Local Resistance in South and East Asia, the Pacific and Africa. Zed Books.

Swamy, Raja 2014. The construction of risk and opportunity in economic development and humanitarian aid agendas, post-tsunami reconstruction. In Tranquebar and Beyond: Across cultural borders in a South Indian village in past and present, E. Fihl, A.R. Venkatachalapathy (Eds.), Orient Blackswan.

Swamy, Raja 2013. Disaster Relief, NGO-led Humanitarianism and the Reconfiguration of Spatial Relations in Tamilnadu. In NGO-ization: Complicity, Contradictions and Prospects, Choudry, A., & Kapoor, D. (Eds.), Zed Books, London.

Swamy, Raja 2013. Subaltern Studies. In Theory in Social and Cultural Anthropology: An Encyclopedia, McGee, R & Warms, R. (Eds.) SAGE.

Swamy, Raja 2009. Post-Tsunami challenges: The fishing community and heritage tourism in Tarangambadi. Review of Development and Change, Vol. XIV, No.1&2, June-December 2009. Madras Institute of Development Studies, Chennai, India.

Courses

Anthropology of Global Inequality, Humanitarianism, Disasters, Political Anthropology, Theory and Method in Anthropology, Ethnographic Field Methods, Visiting Lecture Series – Violence (Fall 2017).

Awards and Recognition